Basic Human Needs

Maslow Theory and Burton Theory

Maslow’s Hierarchy Needs

Motivation theory which suggests five interdependent levels of basic human needs that must be satisfied in a strict sequence starting with the lowest level.

Burton Theory

The concept of basic human needs offered a possible method of grounding the field of conflict analysis and resolution in a defensible theory of the person. Together with other peace researchers, he set out to reframe the concept in order to provide the new field with a convincing alternative to the prevailing paradigms of postwar social science: mechanistic utilitarianism, behaviourism, cultural relativism, and Hobbesian "Realism." In Burton's view, the needs most salient to an understanding of destructive social conflicts were those for identity, recognition, security, and personal development.

=> Similarities: Both of them include safety and security, belonging or love, self-esteem and personal fulfilment. 

• Safety and security needs include security of body, employment, resources, morality,the family, health and property. 
• Belonging and love is especially strong in childhood and can override the need of safety as witnessed in children who cling to abusive parents. This needs include friendship, family and sexual intimacy. 
• Esteem includes self-esteem, confidence, achievement, respect of others, and respect by others. All humans have a need to feel respected, people with low self-esteem often need respect from others. 
• Personal fulfilment or self-actualisation is morality, creativity, spontaneity, problem solving, lack of prejudice and acceptance of facts. 

=> Differences: 

Maslow theory: Food, water, shelter: Maslow suggested that the first and most basic need people have is the need for survival: their physiological requirements for food, water, and shelter. People must have food to eat, water to drink, and a place to call home before they can think about anything else.

Burton theory: The differences are distributive justice, identity, cultural security, freedom and participation.

Sources: Wikipedia and Basic Human Needs

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